Pavlodar is a large industrial, economic and cultural center of Kazakhstan. In Pavlodar there are such plants as: metallurgic plants producing steel and seamless pipes, mostly for export, oil-processing plants, plant producing electrical, electronic and optical equipment as well as plants of processing industry.The climate of Pavlodar area is of moderate type, sharp continental one. Long severe winters with steady snow and hot summers with slow precipitation. The average temperature in July is 21,2 degs C above zero, in January - 17,9 degs C below zero.Since the mid-1960s, Pavlodar city has grown considerably to become a major industrial center, with tractor, aluminum, and chemical plants. An oil refinery was completed in 1978 in Pavlodar. As the location of a major tank factory, Pavlodar city was closed to foreigners until 1992.Pavlodar city has regular railway and bus connection with all the settlements in Pavlodar oblast, with regional centers of Kazakhstan and foreign cities (Russian Federation, China, Germany). There are regular flights around Kazakhstan and charter flights to Russia, Germany, Turkey, China and Arab Emirates.
