Church of Peter and Pavel

is it correct?

this a personal view, i am not trying to be highly scientific, but i do wish for the information to be correctly displayed. if the reader has anything to comment (any errors, misuse of english, wrong names or terminology, absence of important matters, cooperation, etc.) please do not hesitate to contact me. what is karelia? karelia (more precisely, its finnish form karjala) is very old finnic name. probably "karja" is simply and directly karja=cattle, and "-la" is a unigue finnic suffix meaning =place. thus karjala is a "place for cattle".

the old novgorodian/russian name korela of the town of k?kisalmi, in swedish kexholm has been derivated from it, and is pronounced karjela. (map of karelia (in finnish) | back to menu) three main parts of the whole karelia are shown in the map.

1. in finland karelia is considered as its most eastern historical province. usually it means so-called finnish karelia (dark blue area in the map).

2. east karelia is the area east from the finnish eastern border (green area in the map), which has been a completely separate part of karelia since the treaty of 1617, as it is fully orthodox.

3. (violet area "inkeri" is ingernland, which was considered a part of ancient karelia during prehistoric time of karelia.) nowadays the republic of karelia in the russian federation consists of east karelia plus northern part of the lost part of finnish karelia (map of republic of karelia | back to menu) and is often - even in finnish - called just karjala/karelia. this is misleading expression, because it forgets that the karelian isthmus belongs to russia, and some (mostly northern and some southern) karelian areas are still in finland. ancient karelia:

ancient karelia covered a somewhat diffuse area, the border being roughly: the eastern part of gulf of finland - ladoga sea - onega sea - white sea - the northern part of gulf of botten. the population and admistrative center was the western cost of ladoga, i.e. k?kisalmi area and up to sortavala. ancient karelia vanished gradually after the treaty of 1323 and its end was finalized in the treaty of 1617. the karelian language was common in (finnish) karelia up to the rupture of 1656-58. note that expressions "ancient" and "ancient" with "karelia" have been used nowadays only. k?kisalmi- (or ladoga)-karelia and viborg-karelia:

the treaty of p?hkin'saari in 1323 divided the ancient karelia into these two parts. the old administrative districts (finnish l??ni) of k?kisalmi and viborg include almost the same areas. language background common classification of all the languages:

? (plenty of language tribes)

? indo-european language tribe (as an example)

? uralic language tribe:

a. language family of samoyed languages

b. language family of finno-ugrian languages:

?? language group of s?mi (in lapland)

?? (volga language group:) mordvin language group and mari language

?? permian language group

?? ugrian language group: i.g. hungarian

?? finnic language group: a. finnish (ca. 5,0 mil. people using it) n.b. karelian dialect of finnish language is not karelian language finnish has an eastern foundation and a western surface (:re:kulonen). b. estonian (ca. 1,1 mil., re:a126: 1,0 mil) c. karelian (roughly 180.000)(re:a126: 1.: 40.000 (+2.: 30.000 +3.: 5.000)) ? map of karelian dialects: | back to menu

? the oldest karelian (more properly: finnic) document: letter made of birch-bark, cyrillic alphabet, from novgorod, 1200-century 1. "proper"-karelian dialect (ca. 30.000), subdialects: ? karelian (dialect) of viena ? southern karelian dialect ? karelian of tver (=area near moskow)(roughly 100.000 speakers)(was spoken in ancient karelia until rupture war 1656-58) 2. livvi dialect or karelian (dialect) of aunus (ca. 40.000) (re:a126:) olonetsian language, 30.000) 3. ludian dialect (better: language)(ca. 10.000, re:a126: 5.000) d. vepsian (ca. 10 000, re:a126: 6.000) e. ingrian (ca. 800, re:a126: 300) (not the ingrian dialect of the finnish language) f. livonian (ca. 200, re:a126: